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1 Mayo, Elton
(1880–1949) Gen MgtAustralian psychologist and academic. Responsible for finding, through the Hawthorne experiments, that job satisfaction increases through employee participation in decision making, rather than through short-term incentives. The results of the Hawthorne studies were published in Mayo’s The Human Problems of an Industrial Civilization (1933), and were further publicized by one of his collaborators, Fritz Jules Roethlisberger. Mayo is recognized as the founder of the human relations school of management.In the early part of his career, Mayo studied in London and Edinburgh and taught at Queensland University. He arrived in the United States in 1923 and worked at the University of Pennsylvania before moving to Harvard. It was while he was at Harvard that Mayo became involved in the Hawthorne Studies. -
2 Hawthorne experiments
Gen Mgta series of studies undertaken at the Hawthorne plant of Western Electric in the United States from which Elton Mayo concluded that an approach emphasizing employee participation can improve productivity. The Hawthorne experiments began in 1924 as a study conducted by the National Research Council into the relationship between workplace lighting and employee efficiency, and was then extended to include wage incentives and rest periods. It was found that whatever variations were applied upward or downward, output rose, and this was termed the Hawthorne effect. The increased productivity was attributed to several causes, including small group size, earnings, the novelty of being part of an experiment, and the increased attention given to the employees being studied. The style of the supervisor, which was relaxed and friendly, in contrast to the then standard practice, was found to be particularly important. In a second group of employees, however, it was observed that, as the experiments progressed, output was restricted, and that whatever the incentive, the group showed a resistance to it. In 1929, and 1930, Elton Mayo visited Hawthorne. He linked supervisory style and levels of morale with productivity. High productivity resulted from an engaged supervisory style that encouraged participation. Low productivity resulted when a supervisor remained remote and retained a traditional supervisory role. The Hawthorne experiments established the importance of management style and interpersonal skills to organizational success. -
3 motivation
Gen Mgt1. the creation of stimuli, incentives, and working environments which enable people to perform to the best of their ability in pursuit of organizational success. Motivation is commonly viewed as the magic driver that enables managers to get others to achieve their targets. In the 20th century, there was a shift, at least in theory, away from motivation by dictation and discipline, exemplified by Frederick Winslow Taylor’s scientific management, toward motivation by creating an appropriate corporate climate and addressing the needs of individual employees. Although it is widely agreed to be one of the key management tasks, it has frequently been argued that one person cannot motivate others but can only create conditions for others to self-motivate. Many management theorists have provided insights into motivation. Elton Mayo’s Hawthorne experiments identify some root causes of selfmotivation, and Abraham Maslow’s hierarchy of needs provides insight into personal behavior patterns. Other influential research has been conducted by Frederick Herzberg, who looked at job satisfaction, and Douglas McGregor whose Theory X and Theory Y suggest management styles that motivate and demotivate employees.2. (S. Africa)a formal written proposal -
4 Roethlisberger, Fritz Jules
(1898–1974) Gen MgtU.S. academic. Collaborated with Elton Mayo in the Hawthorne experiments, leading the research and data analysis and publicizing the findings in Management and the Worker (1939).The ultimate business dictionary > Roethlisberger, Fritz Jules
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5 Woodward, Joan
(1916–71) Gen MgtBritish academic. Originator of what subsequently became known as the contingency theory of organizations, based on research inspired by Elton Mayo and which was written up in Industrial Organization (1965).
См. также в других словарях:
Elton Mayo — George Elton Mayo (26 de diciembre de 1880, Adelaida, Australia 7 de septiembre de 1949), fue un teórico social, sociólogo y psicólogo industrial especializado en teoría de las organizaciones, las relaciones humanas y el movimiento por las… … Wikipedia Español
Elton Mayo — Pour les articles homonymes, voir Mayo. Georges Elton Mayo Naissance 26 décembre 1880 Adélaïde (Australie) Décès 7 septembre 1949 (à 68 ans) Nationalité … Wikipédia en Français
Elton Mayo — George Elton Mayo (December 26, 1880 September 7, 1949) was an Australian psychologist, sociologist and organization theorist.He lectured at the University of Queensland from 1919 to 1923 before moving to the University of Pennsylvania, but spent … Wikipedia
Elton Mayo — George Elton Mayo (* 26. Dezember 1880 in Adelaide (Australien); † 1. September 1949 in Guildford, Surrey (England)) war ein australischer Soziologe. Er unterrichtete von 1911 bis 1923 an der University of Queensland in Australien, dann an der… … Deutsch Wikipedia
MAYO (E.) — MAYO ELTON (1880 1949) Généralement considéré comme l’initiateur des recherches sur les relations humaines dans l’industrie, Elton Mayo est l’une des figures les plus représentatives de la psychosociologie moderne. Australien, il acquiert une… … Encyclopédie Universelle
Elton — can refer to several people and places.;As a placename: * Elton, Cambria County, Pennsylvania * Elton, Cambridgeshire, England (formerly Elton, Huntingdonshire) * Elton, Cheshire, England * Elton, County Durham, England * Elton, Derbyshire,… … Wikipedia
Elton — steht für: den Vornamen von z. B. Elton Brand, Basketballspieler Elton Dean, Saxophonist Elton Gallegly, Politiker Elton John, britischer Sänger, Komponist und Pianist Elton Mayo, Psychologe und Soziologe den Künstlernamen Elton (Moderator) … Deutsch Wikipedia
Mayo — may refer to: Contents 1 Places 2 People 3 Fictional characters 4 Other Places Ireland County … Wikipedia
Mayo — bezeichnet: Mayo (Volk), indianisches Volk Mayo Clinic, Klinik in Rochester, Minnesota (4960) Mayo, Asteroid des Hauptgürtels umgangssprachlich die Mayonnaise umgangssprachlich das Maillon Rapide Orte in den Vereinigten Staaten: Mayo (Florida)… … Deutsch Wikipedia
Mayo, Elton — ▪ American psychologist in full George Elton Mayo born Dec. 26, 1880, Adelaide, Australia died Sept. 7, 1949, Polesden Lacey, Surrey, Eng. Australian born psychologist who became an early leader in the field of industrial sociology in… … Universalium
Mayo — Pour l’article homophone, voir Maillot. Cette page d’homonymie répertorie les différents sujets et articles partageant un même nom. Sur les autres projets Wikimedia : « Mayo », sur l … Wikipédia en Français
